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A 2024 systematic review sets out the published research into hydrogen-rich water.

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The authors call the first results encouraging, but many studies were done on animals or with small groups. They call for well-designed studies in humans, with large groups and over a longer period.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

What we are saying with this is that the research is still ongoing; we do not promise any effect from hydrogen water.

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RIVM explains what PFAS are and what risks they can pose to people and the environment.

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According to RIVM, PFAS are linked to effects on the immune system, cholesterol and the liver, among other things. At current exposure levels through food and tap water, RIVM says those effects cannot be ruled out.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

We mention this as background about PFAS; it does not say what an Osmora does with PFAS.

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The American environmental agency EPA summarises what is known about PFAS and their risks.

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The EPA writes that many PFAS break down very slowly and can accumulate in people, animals and the environment. According to the EPA, studies show that exposure to certain levels of PFAS can lead to, among other things, higher cholesterol and disruption of hormones.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

We mention this as background about PFAS; it does not say what an Osmora does with PFAS.

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A news article from Harvard about a study into exposure to PFAS, phenols and parabens and hormone-related forms of cancer.

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The study found a link between exposure to these substances and a greater chance of an earlier diagnosis of such a form of cancer. The article describes many industrial substances in consumer products and in the environment as hormone-disrupting.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

We mention this as background about these substances; it does not say what an Osmora does with these substances.

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The Dutch government explains how pharmaceutical residues end up in the water and what is being done about it.

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According to the Dutch government, more than 190.000 kilograms of pharmaceutical residues end up in the sewer through urine and faeces every year, and after that in surface water. Those residues affect the plants and animals that live in the water.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

This is about sewage and surface water; it says nothing about your tap water or about what an Osmora does.

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The Dutch Association of Water Authorities describes the water authorities' position on pharmaceutical residues in water.

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Of the roughly 509 tonnes of pharmaceutical residues that end up in the sewer every year, the water authorities say that around 190 tonnes cannot be properly removed from the water by wastewater treatment plants. The water authorities call pharmaceutical residues a possible problem for ecological water quality and for producing drinking water.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

This is about sewage and surface water; it says nothing about your tap water or about what an Osmora does.

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A database from the Zorginstituut with tables on costs, users and volumes in healthcare.

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A WHO report on the evidence for microplastics in the water cycle and in drinking water.

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The WHO writes that studies into microplastics in treated tap water and bottled water have raised questions and concerns. The report names important knowledge gaps that need to be filled in order to assess the risks to people more accurately.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

We mention this as background about microplastics; it does not say what an Osmora does with microplastics.

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A news article about research in which microplastics were demonstrated in human blood for the first time.

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Microplastics were found in the blood of seventeen of the 22 test subjects. How harmful those particles are is still unknown, according to the article.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

We mention this as background about microplastics; it does not say what an Osmora does with microplastics.

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A news article from Harvard about a meta-analysis of 27 studies into fluoride and children's cognitive development.

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The researchers found strong indications that fluoride can adversely affect children's cognitive development. They point out themselves that many of the studies from China differed from one another or were incomplete, and they call for more research.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

We mention this as background about fluoride; it does not say what an Osmora does with fluoride.

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The searchable overview of publications from STOWA (Foundation for Applied Water Research).

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A scientific review article about the hormone-disrupting effect of short-chain and long-chain PFAS.

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The authors write that PFAS stay in the body for a long time and barely break down in the environment, which means people are exposed to them often and for long periods. They also note that the findings on their hormone-disrupting effect are not unambiguous and that further research is needed.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

We mention this as background about PFAS; it does not say what an Osmora does with PFAS.

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An information page from the American CDC about lead and other heavy metals and the consequences for reproduction.

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According to the CDC, lead and other heavy metals can alter men's hormones and reduce fertility. Exposure before or during pregnancy can, according to the page, increase the chance of a miscarriage or birth defects.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

We mention this as background about lead; it does not say what an Osmora does with lead.

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RIVM on lead drinking water pipes in older buildings and the advice to have them replaced.

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In buildings from before 1960 there may still be lead pipes, according to RIVM, which sometimes leads to too much lead in the tap water. If young children take in too much lead, RIVM says that can lead to lower intelligence.

Wat wij hiermee wel en niet zeggen

RIVM advises having lead pipes replaced; we are not saying that an Osmora takes their place.